There are a few conditions that preclude one from MICS such as severe peripheral vascular disease unable to connect to heart-lung machine), pulmonary disease or severe pulmonary hypertension (problem with single lung ventilation) and need for combined operations such as valves and coronary bypass surgery.
Those who lives an active lifestyle, or expected to have delayed chest bone healing if bone splitting was performed (osteoporosis or chronic steroid use) are the groups of patient who will benefit the most from MICS.
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