90% of adult Singaporeans have some form of gum disease. This may range from the mildest (gingivitis) to the most severe (periodontitis). Gum disease can affect every tooth (generalised) or just some teeth in the mouth (localised).
Gingivitis
The early stage of gum disease is gingivitis – an inflammation of the gums immediately surrounding the teeth. The first symptom of gingivitis is bleeding on brushing. In some cases, bad breath is noted. Pain is usually not a presenting symptom. Gum disease is called the ‘silent’ enemy because it may present with no symptoms at all. By the time symptoms arise, the disease may have advanced considerably. Gingivitis is reversible with proper oral hygiene and simple treatment like scaling and polishing.
Periodontitis
Unattended gingivitis over a long time, progresses to periodontitis. This is where the disease attacks the deeper parts of the supporting structures of the tooth such as the surrounding bone and attachments. In addition to the symptoms of gingivitis, patients may complain of loose teeth, changes in tooth position, gum boils, longer looking teeth, or dull ache in the gums and teeth. Periodontitis is irreversible with just brushing alone and needs dental intervention.
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