Colorectal Cancer

1. What is colorectal cancer?
   Colorectal cancer is a type of cancer that starts in a part of the intestine called the colon or rectum. It is sometimes referred to as colon cancer or rectal cancer, depending on where it starts. 
   
   
2. What causes colorectal cancer?
   The exact cause of colorectal cancer is not known, but it commonly develops from polyps in the colon or rectum, which can become cancerous over time. Genetic mutations, both inherited and acquired, environmental and lifestyle factors may also play a role in the development of colorectal cancer. 
   
   
3. What are the symptoms of colorectal cancer?
   Symptoms can include changes in bowel habits (such as diarrhoea or constipation), blood in the stools, abdominal pain or cramping, unexplained weight loss and a feeling that the bowel does not empty completely. 
   
   
4. Is colorectal cancer hereditary?
   Some cases of colorectal cancer are hereditary, particularly those associated with genetic syndromes like Lynch syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Family history is an important factor in assessing risk. 
   
   
5. Can colorectal cancer be cured?
   Yes, colorectal cancer can be cured when it is diagnosed and treated when localised (stage I-III). It is therefore important for individuals 50 years old and above, or those with risk factors to undergo colorectal cancer screening for early detection. With medical advancements, treatment may also be potentially curative for a smaller subset of patients with stage IV colorectal cancer that has limited spread amenable to surgery or ablation.

SingHealth experts share more about colorectal cancer: